Antigen Detection for the Dengue Virus
Recognition of NS1
The exam—what is it?
NS1 assays identify dengue virus NS1, a non-structural protein. Dengue fever causes the secretion of this protein into the bloodstream.
There are NS1 assays that can be used with serum. The majority of these techniques detect dengue NS1 protein using synthetically labeled antibodies.
When an infection is present, how often should it be taken?
NS1 can be detected in the early stages of dengue fever. In the first seven days after symptoms appear, NS1 testing can match the sensitivity of molecular tests. It is not advised to do NS1 tests after day 7.
Although it does not reveal the serotype, a positive NS1 result does indicate dengue infection. Although knowing the infecting virus’s serotype isn’t essential for patient management, NAT testing is recommended for samples when serotype information is needed for surveillance.
Most NS1 assays have been designed and tested on serum samples, while investigations have shown that NS1 can be identified in whole blood or plasma as well. It is recommended to collect a second specimen during the convalescent phase and test it for IgM when both the antigen and antibody tests come back negative. This is in addition to the initial collection, which may typically be tested with a combination of an NS1 and an IgM antibody during the first 1–7 days of sickness.
- Sorts of specimens
- Medicated serum
- Results interpretation
A positive NS1 test result confirms dengue virus infection despite not providing serotype information.
You can’t rule out infection just because the NS1 test came out negative. If a person’s NS1 test comes back negative, it’s important to check for dengue IgM antibodies to see if they may have been exposed to the virus recently.
Availability
Commercial diagnostic kits for dengue NS1 are available; however, only a small subset of these assays have received FDA clearance. Certain commercial and public health laboratories use these tests.
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